Iran also known as Persia and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) is a country in western Asia. With around 82 million population is the world’s 18^th populous country.

Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi) making it the second largest country in the Middle East and 17^th largest in the world. Iran’s neighbors are Armenia, the Republic of Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey and Iraq.

Iran bordered to the north by Caspian Sea and to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.

Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran, and the largest and most populous city of Iran with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area.

History

Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great, whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, one of the largest empires in history.

Iran is an old country and all its history can’t be told in just one article. So, check our website permanently to have more information about Iran and follow us on social networks like Instagram, Facebook and LinkedIn.

The earliest attested archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at Kashafrud and Ganj Par in northern Iran, confirm a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic have been found mainly in the Zagros region, at sites such as Warwasi and Yafteh.From the 10th to the seventh millennium BC, early agricultural communities began to flourish in and around the Zagros region in western Iran, including Chogha Golan, Chogha Bonut, and Chogha Mish.

In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, the son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city-states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quickly spread to other provinces, as they allied with the Persians. Later conquests under Cyrus and his successors expanded the empire to include Lydia, Babylon, Egypt, parts of the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper, as well as the lands to the west of the Indus and Oxus rivers.

539 BC was the year in which Persian forces defeated the Babylonian army at Opis, and marked the end of around four centuries of Mesopotamian domination of the region by conquering the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Cyrus entered Babylon and presented himself as a traditional Mesopotamian monarch. Subsequent Achaemenid art and iconography reflect the influence of the new political reality in Mesopotamia.

At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included territories of modern-day Iran, Republic of Azerbaijan (Arran and Shirvan), Armenia, Georgia, Turkey (Anatolia), much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and North Macedonia (Paeonia and Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian territories, all significant population centers of ancient Egypt as far west as Libya, Kuwait, northern Saudi Arabia, parts of the United Arab Emirates and Oman, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and much of Central Asia, making it the first world government and the largest empire the world had yet seen.

The 1979 Revolution, later known as the Islamic Revolution, began in January 1978 with the major demonstrations against Mohammad Reza Shah (king of Iran in those days)

After a year of strikes and demonstrations paralyzing the country and its economy, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled to the United States, and Ruhollah Khomeini returned from exile to Tehran in February 1979, forming a new government. After holding a referendum, Iran officially became an Islamic republic in April 1979. A second referendum in December 1979 approved a theocratic constitution.

Climate

What really makes Iran a fantastic country? Of course, its climate. Having 11 climates out of the world’s 13. This situation is interesting when you can a place cold enough to make your bones freeze and warm enough to make an egg boil.

Because of this climate you can find almost all types of fruits in Iran. And this climate makes Iran as a four-season country with different kind of climate in each month of the year.

Administrative divisions

Iran is divided into five regions with thirty-one provinces (ostān), each governed by an appointed governor (ostāndār). The provinces are divided into counties (šahrestān), and subdivided into districts (baxš) and sub-districts (dehestān).

Iran has around 85 million people in it and most populous city in Iran is Tehran with 8.8 million populations.

Languages

The majority of the population speak Persian, which is also the official language of the country. Others include speakers of a number of other Iranian languages within the greater Indo-European family, and languages belonging to some other ethnicities living in Iran.

Other languages are Gilaki, Mazandarani, Tallish, Kurdish, Lurish or Lori.

Azerbaijani Turkish, which is by far the most spoken language in the country after Persian, as well as a number of other Turkic languages and dialects, is spoken in various regions of Iran, especially in the region of Azerbaijan.

Notable minority languages in Iran include Armenian, Georgian, Neo-Aramaic, and Arabic. Khuzi Arabic is spoken by the Arabs in Khuzestan, as well as the wider group of Iranian Arabs. Circassian was also once widely spoken by the large Circassian minority, but, due to assimilation over the many years, no sizable number of Circassians speak the language anymore.

Religion

Historically, early Iranian religions such as the Proto-Iranic religion and the subsequent Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism were the dominant religions in Iran, particularly during the Median, Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sasanian eras. This changed after the fall of the Sasanian Empire by the centuries-long Islamization that followed the Muslim Conquest of Iran. Iran was predominantly Sunni until the conversion of the country (as well as the people of what is today the neighboring Republic of Azerbaijan) to Shia Islam by the order of the Safavid dynasty in the 16th century.

Today, Twelver Shia Islam is the official state religion, to which about 90% to 95% of the population adhere. About 4% to 8% of the population are Sunni Muslims, mainly Kurds and Baloches. The remaining 2% are non-Muslim religious minorities, including Christians, Jews, Bahais, Mandeans, Yezidis, Yarsanis, and Zoroastrians.

Culture

Iranian people are warm and friendly and so much hospitable, so if you come to Iran don’t be surprised because of their hospitality. They love to help other people and they want you to be their guest.

Iranians are in love with art in fact when they are born, they are born with art. (WOW, I know)   

You may ask what is my proof for this asseveration?

I will tell you. You can find art in every place in Iran you visit. You can see the science and art when they turn to a thing and make a new thing.

You can find your answer in our Classical Music, literature, handicraft etc.

You can find your answer in these pictures.

There are too more details about Iran that we couldn't say in this article but we will give you more details about Iran on our website so check our web page permanently to receive more information about our country.

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